Os impactos do uso do sistema de precedentes no acesso á justiça do acusado em processo penal no direito brasileiro
Data
Autores
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Esta dissertação examinou a relação entre o sistema de precedentes judiciais e o acesso à justiça do acusado no processo penal brasileiro. Partiu-se da compreensão de que o acesso à justiça não se limita à possibilidade formal de provocar o Poder Judiciário, mas pressupõe uma prestação jurisdicional adequada e razoavelmente previsível. A pesquisa buscou responder em que medida a inobservância dos deveres inerentes ao sistema de precedentes, na jurisprudência penal dos tribunais superiores, poderia comprometer esse acesso. O objetivo geral consistiu em analisar os impactos do uso do sistema de precedentes judiciais no acesso à justiça do acusado em processo penal, especialmente diante da inobservância, pelos tribunais superiores, dos deveres de estabilidade, coerência e integridade. Utilizou-se o método dedutivo, com procedimento monográfico, abordagem qualitativa e técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. A dissertação foi inserida na área de concentração Direitos Humanos e Sociedade do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, vinculando-se à linha de pesquisa Direito, Sociedade e Estado e à temática do acesso à justiça. De início, examinou-se o processo histórico da jurisdição e sua relação com o acesso à justiça, desde a experiência romana até o modelo contemporâneo. Após, verificaram-se a estrutura do sistema de precedentes, bem como sua formação e incorporação ao direito brasileiro. Por fim, foi analisado de que modo a aplicação, distinção e superação dos precedentes pelas cortes supremas repercutem sobre os direitos fundamentais e o acesso à justiça do acusado, por meio do exame das decisões das cortes supremas relacionadas à execução provisória da pena, à execução imediata das condenações do Tribunal do Júri, ao enquadramento da homotransfobia como crime de racismo, à interrupção da prescrição pelo acórdão confirmatório, ao reconhecimento da falta grave durante a execução penal, à produção antecipada de provas, à utilização do habeas corpus como substitutivo recursal e à competência no crime de tráfico internacional de drogas remetidas pelo correio. Os casos analisados indicaram que mudanças pouco sinalizadas, divergências entre as cortes e a aplicação de interpretações mais gravosas a situações anteriores poderiam produzir surpresa e insegurança no exercício da defesa. Concluiu-se que o sistema de precedentes pode contribuir para o acesso à justiça penal, desde que as cortes observem os deveres de estabilidade, coerência e integridade e promovam eventuais mudanças de entendimento de forma atenta à proteção da confiança.
This dissertation examined the relationship between the system of judicial precedents and the accused's access to justice in Brazilian criminal procedure. It was based on the understanding that access to justice is not limited to the formal possibility of bringing a claim before the courts, but also requires adequate and easonably predictable judicial protection. The research sought to determine the extent to which the failure to observe the duties inherent in the system of judicial precedents, within the criminal case law of the higher courts, could compromise such access. The general objective was to analyze the impacts of the use of the system of judicial precedents on the accused's access to justice in criminal proceedings, particularly in light of the failure of the higher courts to observe the duties of stability, consistency, and integrity. The study adopted the deductive method, with a monographic procedure, a qualitative approach, and bibliographic and documentary research techniques. The dissertation was developed within the concentration area of Human Rights and Society of the Graduate Program in Law at the University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, linked to the research line Law, Society and State and to the theme of access to justice. Initially, the historical development of jurisdiction and its relationship with access to justice was examined, from the Roman experience to the contemporary model. Subsequently, the structure of the system of judicial precedents, as well as its development and incorporation into Brazilian law, was analyzed. Finally, the study examined how the application, distinguishing, and overruling of precedents by the supreme courts affect fundamental rights and the accused's access to justice through the analysis of decisions concerning the provisional enforcement of criminal sentences, the immediate enforcement of jury convictions, the classification of homotransphobia as the crime of racism, the interruption of the limitation period by a confirmatory appellate judgment, the recognition of serious misconduct during the execution of criminal sentences, the anticipatory production of evidence, the use of habeas corpus as a substitute for appellate remedies, and jurisdiction over the offense of international drug trafficking committed through postal services. The analyzed cases indicated that poorly signaled changes in case law, divergences between the higher courts, and the retroactive application of more burdensome interpretations to previous situations may produce surprise and legal uncertainty in the exercise of the right of defense. The study concluded that the system of judicial precedents can contribute to access to criminal justice, provided that the courts observe the duties of stability, consistency, and integrity and implement changes in case law with due regard for the protection of legitimate expectations.
This dissertation examined the relationship between the system of judicial precedents and the accused's access to justice in Brazilian criminal procedure. It was based on the understanding that access to justice is not limited to the formal possibility of bringing a claim before the courts, but also requires adequate and easonably predictable judicial protection. The research sought to determine the extent to which the failure to observe the duties inherent in the system of judicial precedents, within the criminal case law of the higher courts, could compromise such access. The general objective was to analyze the impacts of the use of the system of judicial precedents on the accused's access to justice in criminal proceedings, particularly in light of the failure of the higher courts to observe the duties of stability, consistency, and integrity. The study adopted the deductive method, with a monographic procedure, a qualitative approach, and bibliographic and documentary research techniques. The dissertation was developed within the concentration area of Human Rights and Society of the Graduate Program in Law at the University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, linked to the research line Law, Society and State and to the theme of access to justice. Initially, the historical development of jurisdiction and its relationship with access to justice was examined, from the Roman experience to the contemporary model. Subsequently, the structure of the system of judicial precedents, as well as its development and incorporation into Brazilian law, was analyzed. Finally, the study examined how the application, distinguishing, and overruling of precedents by the supreme courts affect fundamental rights and the accused's access to justice through the analysis of decisions concerning the provisional enforcement of criminal sentences, the immediate enforcement of jury convictions, the classification of homotransphobia as the crime of racism, the interruption of the limitation period by a confirmatory appellate judgment, the recognition of serious misconduct during the execution of criminal sentences, the anticipatory production of evidence, the use of habeas corpus as a substitute for appellate remedies, and jurisdiction over the offense of international drug trafficking committed through postal services. The analyzed cases indicated that poorly signaled changes in case law, divergences between the higher courts, and the retroactive application of more burdensome interpretations to previous situations may produce surprise and legal uncertainty in the exercise of the right of defense. The study concluded that the system of judicial precedents can contribute to access to criminal justice, provided that the courts observe the duties of stability, consistency, and integrity and implement changes in case law with due regard for the protection of legitimate expectations.
Descrição
Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Direito.
Orientador
Coorientador
Organizador
Coordenador
Palavras-chave
Citação
SILVANO, Thiago Firmino. Os impactos do uso do sistema de precedentes no acesso á justiça do acusado em processo penal no direito brasileiro. 2026. Dissertação (Mestrado em Direito) - Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, 2026.