Sono, crononutrição e função cognitiva em indivíduos com diabetes mellitus: análise das adipocinas como potenciais mediadoras
Data
Autores
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
O diabetes mellitus (DM) é uma condição crônica com crescente prevalência em todo o mundo. Entre suas complicações, o declínio cognitivo emergiu com necessidade de melhor compreensão de seus mecanismos e fatores de risco, valendo considerar o papel do sono e da crononutrição neste processo, uma vez que ambos desempenham funções no sistema nervoso central. Adicionalmente, é possível que as adipocinas, reguladas de modo circadiano, possam atuar na mediação dessas relações. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação do sono e da crononutrição com a função cognitiva em indivíduos com DM e o papel da adiponectina e da leptina como mediadores dessa relação. Trata-se de um estudo transversal conduzido entre março e agosto de 2023 em uma clínica universitária do sul de Santa Catarina, com indivíduos com DM de 18 anos ou mais de idade. As exposições foram duração do sono e comportamentos crononutricionais avaliados pelo Questionário de Perfil Crononutricional e qualidade do sono autorreferida. A função cognitiva foi avaliada pela escala Montreal Cognitive Assessment, sendo classificados como declínio cognitivo aqueles com pontuação menor que 21. Adiponectina e leptina foram mensuradas pelo método de ensaio imunoenzimático ELISA com amostras de soro sanguíneo. Covariáveis sociodemográficas, comportamentais, de saúde e perfil glicêmico e lipídico foram estudadas. As associações foram avaliadas utilizando Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta bruta e ajustada com um modelo hierárquico de três níveis. Para as análises de mediação, foi utilizado o comando paramed do Stata, decompondo o efeito total em efeitos diretos e indiretos. Foram estudados 365 indivíduos (91,3% de taxa de respostas), com média de idade de 63,7 (± 9,7) anos. 56,5% relataram qualidade do sono regular, ruim ou muito ruim e 36,4% apresentaram longa duração do sono (≥9 horas/dia). Os comportamentos de latência noturna (50,1%), hora da última refeição (56,4%) e maior refeição do dia (88,8%) apresentaram maior prevalência de classificação regular, enquanto janela de alimentação (51,7%), omissão do café da manhã (87,8%) e comer noturno (90,3%) apresentaram maior prevalência de classificação boa. Os níveis médios de adiponectina e leptina foram 8,6 ng/mL e 1093,7 ng/mL, respectivamente. Mais de dois terços dos indivíduos apresentaram declínio cognitivo (67,9%). Nas análises brutas, declínio cognitivo foi associado a longa duração e qualidade do sono ruim/muito ruim, latência noturna e hora da última refeição. Após análise ajustada, apenas as associações com sono se mantiveram. Indivíduos com qualidade do sono ruim/muito ruim tiveram uma prevalência 1,28 vezes maior (IC95% 1,09;1,51) de declínio cognitivo comparados aos indivíduos com qualidade muito boa/boa. Aqueles com longa duração do sono tiveram uma prevalência 1,25 vezes maior (IC95% 1,06;1,48) para o mesmo desfecho, comparados àqueles com duração adequada. Ademais, uma nova associação foi observada: indivíduos que omitiam o café da manhã em 4 ou mais dias por semana apresentaram uma prevalência 24% menor (IC95% 0,58;0,98) de declínio cognitivo, comparados àqueles que omitiam em 1 dia ou menos. Não foi encontrada mediação estatisticamente significativa por parte da leptina e da adiponectina nas associações avaliadas. Conclui-se aspectos crononutricionais e de sono estão relacionados ao declínio cognitivo no DM. Embora as adipocinas não tenham mediado essas relações, a investigação dessa hipótese apresentou evidências inéditas para a área. Esses resultados indicam a necessidade de considerar o sono e a crononutrição como alvos estratégicos para prevenção do declínio cognitivo no DM, e de realizar sua incorporação na prática clínica e em políticas públicas, visando qualidade de vida e pleno funcionamento cognitivo em populações com DM.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition with rising prevalence worldwide. Among its complications, cognitive impairment has emerged with the need for better comprehension of its mechanisms and risk factors. It is worth considering the role of sleep and chrononutrition in this process, since both play key functions in the central nervous system. Additionally, as adipokines are circadian regulated, they may act as mediators in these relationships. This study aimed to evaluate the association of sleep and chrononutrition with cognitive function in individuals with DM and the role of adiponectin and leptin as mediators of this relationship. This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and August 2023 at a university clinic in southern Santa Catarina, Brazil, with individuals aged 18 years or older with DM. Exposures were sleep duration and chrononutrition behaviors assessed by the Chrononutrition Profile Questionnaire and self-reported sleep quality. Cognitive function was assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, with scores lower than 21 being classified as cognitive impairment. Adiponectin and leptin were measured by the ELISA immunoenzymatic assay method with blood serum samples. Sociodemographic, behavioral, health, and glycemic and lipid profile covariates were studied. Associations were analyzed using Poisson regression with robust variance, both crude and adjusted according to a three-level hierarchical model. Mediation analyses were performed with the paramed command in Stata, decomposing the total effect into direct and indirect effects. A total of 365 individuals were studied (91.3% response rate), with a mean age of 63.7 (± 9.7) years, 56.5% of whom reported regular, poor, or very poor sleep quality, and 36.4% presented long sleep duration (≥9 hours/day). Evening latency (50.1%), evening eating (56.4%), and the largest meal (88.8%) were more often classified as regular, whereas eating window (51.7%), skipping breakfast (87.8%), and night eating (90.3%) were more often classified as good. Mean serum adiponectin and leptin levels were 8.6 ng/mL and 1093.7 ng/mL, respectively. More than two-thirds of participants presented cognitive impairment (67.9%). In crude analyses, cognitive impairment was associated with long sleep duration, poor/very poor sleep quality, evening latency, and evening eating. After adjustment, only the association with sleep remained. Individuals with poor/very poor sleep quality had a 1.28-fold higher prevalence (95%CI 1.09;1.51) of cognitive impairment compared to individuals with very good/good quality. Those with long sleep duration had a 1.25-fold higher prevalence (95%CI 1.06;1.48) of the same outcome compared to those with adequate duration. Moreover, a novel association was found: individuals who skipped breakfast in 4 or more days per week had a 24% lower prevalence (95%CI 0.58;0.98) of cognitive impairment, compared to those who skipped only in 1 day or less. No significant mediation by adiponectin or leptin was found. In conclusion, chrononutrition and sleep aspects are related to cognitive impairment in DM. Although adipokines did not mediate these relationships, exploring this hypothesis provided novel evidence for the field. These findings highlight the need to consider sleep and chrononutrition as strategic targets for preventing cognitive impairment in DM, as well as their incorporation into clinical practice and public health policies to promote quality of life and optimal cognitive functioning in populations with DM.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition with rising prevalence worldwide. Among its complications, cognitive impairment has emerged with the need for better comprehension of its mechanisms and risk factors. It is worth considering the role of sleep and chrononutrition in this process, since both play key functions in the central nervous system. Additionally, as adipokines are circadian regulated, they may act as mediators in these relationships. This study aimed to evaluate the association of sleep and chrononutrition with cognitive function in individuals with DM and the role of adiponectin and leptin as mediators of this relationship. This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and August 2023 at a university clinic in southern Santa Catarina, Brazil, with individuals aged 18 years or older with DM. Exposures were sleep duration and chrononutrition behaviors assessed by the Chrononutrition Profile Questionnaire and self-reported sleep quality. Cognitive function was assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, with scores lower than 21 being classified as cognitive impairment. Adiponectin and leptin were measured by the ELISA immunoenzymatic assay method with blood serum samples. Sociodemographic, behavioral, health, and glycemic and lipid profile covariates were studied. Associations were analyzed using Poisson regression with robust variance, both crude and adjusted according to a three-level hierarchical model. Mediation analyses were performed with the paramed command in Stata, decomposing the total effect into direct and indirect effects. A total of 365 individuals were studied (91.3% response rate), with a mean age of 63.7 (± 9.7) years, 56.5% of whom reported regular, poor, or very poor sleep quality, and 36.4% presented long sleep duration (≥9 hours/day). Evening latency (50.1%), evening eating (56.4%), and the largest meal (88.8%) were more often classified as regular, whereas eating window (51.7%), skipping breakfast (87.8%), and night eating (90.3%) were more often classified as good. Mean serum adiponectin and leptin levels were 8.6 ng/mL and 1093.7 ng/mL, respectively. More than two-thirds of participants presented cognitive impairment (67.9%). In crude analyses, cognitive impairment was associated with long sleep duration, poor/very poor sleep quality, evening latency, and evening eating. After adjustment, only the association with sleep remained. Individuals with poor/very poor sleep quality had a 1.28-fold higher prevalence (95%CI 1.09;1.51) of cognitive impairment compared to individuals with very good/good quality. Those with long sleep duration had a 1.25-fold higher prevalence (95%CI 1.06;1.48) of the same outcome compared to those with adequate duration. Moreover, a novel association was found: individuals who skipped breakfast in 4 or more days per week had a 24% lower prevalence (95%CI 0.58;0.98) of cognitive impairment, compared to those who skipped only in 1 day or less. No significant mediation by adiponectin or leptin was found. In conclusion, chrononutrition and sleep aspects are related to cognitive impairment in DM. Although adipokines did not mediate these relationships, exploring this hypothesis provided novel evidence for the field. These findings highlight the need to consider sleep and chrononutrition as strategic targets for preventing cognitive impairment in DM, as well as their incorporation into clinical practice and public health policies to promote quality of life and optimal cognitive functioning in populations with DM.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde para obtenção do título de Doutora em Ciências da Saúde.
Orientador
Coorientador
Organizador
Coordenador
Palavras-chave
Citação
QUADRA, Micaela Rabelo. Sono, crononutrição e função cognitiva em indivíduos com diabetes mellitus: análise das adipocinas como potenciais mediadoras. 2026. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências da Saúde) – Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, 2026.